Paper highlights

Figures and short summaries from my papers, ordered by year. Select a figure to see its source.

20 paper highlights · newest first

2026

PaiCoach interaction workflow from login and video upload through AI analysis, human review, parent feedback, and chatbot support.
Figure 1 from the paper

2026 · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

Parent’s AI Coach (PaiCoach): A Single-Case Experimental Study of an AI-Supported Parent Coaching System for Autistic Children

PaiCoach combines AI-generated feedback with human review to support parent-led communication interventions. A four-family single-case study found improvements in parent implementation and child responsiveness, while showing the continued need for expert oversight.

Yusuf Akemoğlu, Zhaohui Li, Qingxiao Zheng, Emily Brooke Roberts, Samar Pratap Singh, and Jinjun Xiong

Four-stage robot-assisted reading workflow, from identifying an apple in a story to checking real objects and correcting the robot, alongside the humanoid robot.
Figure 1 from the paper

AIED 2026 · Companion proceedings, pp. 498–504

Design and Feasibility of an LLM-Powered Humanoid Robot as a Reading Companion to Support Children’s AI Literacy

An LLM-powered humanoid robot combines speech, vision, and gesture during shared reading about AI. Comparing three dialogue policies on real hardware identifies how structured interaction and bounded language-model support can improve pedagogical coherence.

Feiwen Xiao, Zhaohui Li, Shiyan Jiang, and Jinjun Xiong

Diagram linking the EQuIP rubric's three categories to corresponding elements of a science lesson, including learning activities, instructional support, and assessment.
Figure 1 from the paper

AIED 2026, pp. 539–554

SciEval: A Benchmark for Automatic Evaluation of K–12 Science Instructional Materials

SciEval benchmarks how well language models evaluate K-12 science instructional materials against an educator-designed rubric. It contains 273 lessons annotated across 13 criteria, with scores and supporting rationales, and tests whether domain-specific fine-tuning improves evaluation.

Zhaohui Li, Peng He, Zhiyuan Chen, Honglu Liu, Zeyuan Wang, Tingting Li, and Jinjun Xiong

LLM4Art application showing an uploaded painting, artwork metadata, and interpretation panels for visual analysis, historical context, and cultural significance.
Figure 1 from the paper

LAK 2026 Companion Proceedings, pp. 246–248

LLM4Art: Using Large Language Models for Art Interpretation

LLM4Art uses expert-informed prompts and rubrics to examine visual analysis, historical context, and cultural significance. A 50-artwork benchmark compares five language models, and a web application makes the interpretation workflow available to users.

Zhaohui Li, Naiquan Li, Dancheng Liu, Yuting Hu, Chenhui Xu, Shenghao Chao, and Jinjun Xiong

Zhaohui Li and Naiquan Li contributed equally.

Workflow combining learning activities, the EQuIP rubric, and prompts for LLM evaluation, followed by expert validation and analysis of human-AI agreement.
Figure 1 from the paper

Computing Conference 2026 · Intelligent Computing, pp. 481–496

Judging the Judges: Human Validation of Multi-LLM Evaluation for High-Quality K–12 Science Instructional Materials

Two science education experts review evaluations from GPT, Claude, and Gemini across 12 curriculum units. The study distinguishes agreement on numerical scores from agreement on reasoning and suggestions, revealing where model judgments depart from educational expertise.

Peng He, Zhaohui Li, Zeyuan Wang, Jinjun Xiong, and Tingting Li

2025

ASD-HI pipeline sends interaction videos through speech recognition and frame analysis, then identifies strategy segments and fidelity scores using language models.
Figure 2 from the paper

AIED 2025, pp. 48–62

ASD-HI: A Parent-Child Interaction Dataset for Automated Assessment of Home Intervention

ASD-HI provides a multimodal benchmark for detecting parents' communication strategies and assessing implementation fidelity during home interventions. A baseline pipeline combines speech recognition, video analysis, and language-model prompting to support automated assessment.

Zhaohui Li, Yusuf Akemoglu, Jincheng Lyu, Qingxiao Zheng, and Jinjun Xiong

Storio interaction diagram connects children's spoken responses, speech recognition, expert-written examples, GPT-4 feedback, and narrated bilingual story reading.
Figure 2 from the paper

2025 · Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, article 100484

Leveraging an LLM-enhanced bilingual conversational agent for EFL children’s dialogic reading: Insights from children, parents, and educators

Storio pairs an interactive e-book with Mia, a bilingual conversational reading partner. A design-probe study with 17 children, plus parents and educators, examines adaptive feedback and identifies design considerations for children learning English as a foreign language.

Feiwen Xiao, Zhaohui Li, Jiaju Lin, Xiaohan Zou, Dandan Yang, Wenting Zou, and Jinjun Xiong

Storio reading interface and dialogue flow show story questions, bilingual child input, and different scaffolding paths for correct and incorrect answers.
Figure 1 from the paper

2025 · British Journal of Educational Technology, 56(5), 1784–1813

Parent-led vs. AI-guided dialogic reading: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial in children’s e-book context

A randomized trial with 67 children compares AI-guided and parent-led e-book reading. Children in the AI-guided group showed stronger reading comprehension, while vocabulary and story-retelling benefits were comparable; the study also examines differences in engagement.

Feiwen Xiao, Ellen Wenting Zou, Jiaju Lin, Zhaohui Li, and Dandan Yang

A science essay about roller-coaster energy is color-coded beside an automated feedback checklist identifying present and missing scientific ideas.
Figure 1 from the paper

Workshop on Epistemics and Decision-Making in AI-Supported Education · AIED 2025

Criteria for Demonstration Examples for LLM Assessment of Science Essays

This study tests how the number and quality of prompt examples affect LLM assessment of science essays. Three-example GPT-4o prompts outperformed customized baseline tools for identifying rubric-based main ideas, underscoring the importance of demonstration design.

Mahsa Sheikhi Karizaki, Zhaohui Li, and Rebecca J. Passonneau

2024

2023

AsRRN diagram showing context, question, reference, and answer nodes passing messages over time to produce an assessment and feedback.
Figure 2 from the paper

Findings of EMNLP 2023, pp. 3879–3891

Answer-state Recurrent Relational Network (AsRRN) for Constructed Response Assessment and Feedback Grouping

AsRRN models relationships among question contexts, prompts, reference answers, and student responses. Developed with 6,532 statistics responses, it combines recurrent message passing and contrastive learning to assess answers and group them for feedback.

Zhaohui Li, Susan Lloyd, Matthew Beckman, and Rebecca Passonneau

2022

Two cross-tabulations compare human reviewers' feedback codes before and after one reviewer removes direct quotations from student responses.
Figure 1 from the paper

2022 · 11th International Conference on Teaching Statistics (ICOTS 11)

Foundations for AI-Assisted Formative Assessment Feedback for Short-Answer Tasks in Large-Enrollment Classes

Studies AI-assisted feedback for six short-answer statistics tasks completed by 1,935 students. Human-rating reliability and exploratory response clustering provide a foundation for formative assessment in large-enrollment classes.

Susan E. Lloyd, Matthew D. Beckman, Dennis K. Pearl, Rebecca J. Passonneau, Zhaohui Li, and Zekun Wang

2021

2019

2018

Pipeline from question, titles, and passages through passage selection, main-content selection, and answer extraction to the final answer.
Figure 1 from the paper

2018 · China Conference on Information Retrieval (CCIR), pp. 93–104

Hierarchical Answer Selection Framework for Multi-passage Machine Reading Comprehension

A hierarchical reading-comprehension pipeline first selects passages, then question-relevant sentences, and finally an answer span. The method combines attention-based encoding with a Markov decision process and is evaluated on DuReader search data.

Zhaohui Li, Jun Xu, Yanyan Lan, Jiafeng Guo, Yue Feng, and Xueqi Cheng

2016

System architecture with a machine-learning studio above the algorithm library and big-data infrastructure for scheduling, computation, and data management.
Figure 2 from the paper

CIKM 2016, pp. 2437–2440

Ease the Process of Machine Learning with Dataflow

A visual dataflow system lets users build, run, monitor, and reuse machine-learning workflows as directed acyclic graphs. It connects a drag-and-drop studio with algorithm libraries and Hadoop/Spark infrastructure, including both standalone and distributed operations.

Tianyou Guo, Jun Xu, Xiaohui Yan, Jianpeng Hou, Ping Li, Zhaohui Li, Jiafeng Guo, and Xueqi Cheng

2014

The full publication list also includes posters and dataset records.

Research leadership

I continue to work with Dr. Jinjun Xiong and serve as AI Team Lead at the following University at Buffalo centers:

Projects by research area

Explore related papers, datasets, and systems grouped by their shared research questions.

Future directions

I plan to develop a theoretical framework for translating educational goals into computational tasks, informed by interdisciplinary collaboration, and an agent-based system to support task formulation and evaluation design. I also plan to investigate responsible AI use in education, including potential risks of emotional overreliance and declines in students’ independent reasoning.

Datasets & software